This multiplex PCR tests for 14 targets, including C. In 2016, the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel PCR assay (Biofire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT) was approved by the FDA. 12, 13 Antigen titers by the LFA are approximately fourfold higher than those with latex agglutination or EIA testing, thus a titer of 1:640 by LFA is approximately equal to a titer of 1:160 by EIA or latex agglutination. 3 Overall, 90% of cryptococcal cases in people with HIV 4 are observed in those who have CD4 T lymphocyte (CD4) cell counts 1:160, disseminated disease becomes increasingly more likely, and when CrAg LFA titers are >1:640, disseminated and/or CNS involvement should be assumed, regardless of CSF test results. 2 Current estimates indicate that every year, approximately 280,000 cases of cryptococcal infection in people with AIDS occur worldwide, and the disease accounts for 15% of AIDS-related deaths. 1 In a surveillance study in the late 1990s, people with HIV who developed cryptococcosis were severely immunosuppressed and had limited access to routine HIV medical care. Before the era of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), approximately 5% to 8% of patients with HIV in high-income countries had disseminated cryptococcosis. gattii most often is found in Australia and similar subtropical regions and in the Pacific Northwest. neoformans is found worldwide, whereas C. Most HIV-associated cryptococcal infections are caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, but occasionally Cryptococcus gattii is the cause.
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